Corporate Strategy Formulation of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX in Facing the Era of Globalization

Dony Ari Nugroho; Paijan Paijan

doi:10.59261/inkubis.v8i3.404

Authors

Dony Ari Nugroho Universitas Mercu Buana
Paijan Universitas Mercu Buana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59261/inkubis.v8i3.404

Keywords:

strategy formulation, globalization, SWOT analysis, SPACE matrix, competitive advantage, Plantation SOEs

Abstract

Background: Globalization has encouraged state-owned plantation companies to reformulate their corporate strategies to remain competitive amid trade liberalization and commodity price volatility.

Objective: This study examines the corporate strategy formulation of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX (PTPN IX) for export-oriented annual crops (tea, cocoa, coffee, and rubber) and domestically oriented seasonal crops (sugarcane) amid globalization pressures during 1996–2000.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative single-case study design was employed using financial statements, annual reports, policy documents, interviews with four board-level informants, and nonparticipant observations. The data were triangulated and analyzed through environmental assessment, SWOT analysis, the SPACE matrix, and competitive-advantage analysis.

Results: PTPN IX experienced financial instability, including operating losses in 1997, 1999, and 2000, with an exceptional profit in 1998 influenced by foreign-exchange effects. The annual-crops division demonstrated stronger competitiveness due to its export orientation and strengths in rubber and cocoa. Meanwhile, the seasonal-crops division faced structural challenges stemming from aging sugar-milling facilities, limited capital, and operational constraints. The analysis suggests a stability-oriented strategy for annual crops and strategic alliances combined with asset revitalization for seasonal crops, supported by cost-efficiency measures.

Conclusion: PTPN IX requires differentiated strategies across business units rather than a uniform response to globalization. Strategic decisions should integrate market exposure, asset conditions, financial capacity, and operational capabilities while acknowledging the limitations of historical data from 1996–2000.

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